Plant & zo
The science of plants and more
A new way to make a plant immune
A new way to make a plant immune Just like people plants come across pathogens. In contrast to humans, plants do not have an adaptable immune system that comes up with a way to deal with each new virus, bacteria or fungus. A plant either recognises an intruder or it does not. This recognition isContinue reading “A new way to make a plant immune”
The ‘I am damaged’ fragrance
The ‘I am damaged’ fragrance Plants communicate with the world via volatiles, which we can often smell. To attract insects is a well-known reason plants emit volatiles. Less well known is maybe that plants also emit volatiles when they are damaged. This creates the smell of freshly cut grass. For this it does not matterContinue reading “The ‘I am damaged’ fragrance”
Natural variation in the wild
Natural variation in the wild In general, researchers want to have as much control over their experiments as possible. This helps to say with certainty that the effect they see is due to the treatment they gave. The more variation during experiments, the less certain they are they can point to the cause of theContinue reading “Natural variation in the wild”
Germinating with FLOE1
Germinating with FLOE1 Cool, that is what you can call the latest research in seed germination. Researchers found that when water is taken up by a seed, a prion-like protein is separating itself, in a kind of gel, from the rest of the cell. Seeds have the remarkable property that they can survive long periods,Continue reading “Germinating with FLOE1”
Searching for light
Searching for light After germinating, the plant searches its way to the light. There it can start photosynthesis to obtain sugars, energy. To find light the plant stretches its hypocotyl, the part of the stem between the root and the embryogenic leaves, as far as it can. This is enabled by energy that is storedContinue reading “Searching for light”
Natural insecticide
Natural insecticide Plants have an arsenal of weapons to deal with insects. Think, releasing for the insect unpalatable smells, or maybe smells that attract predator insects that eat the plant eating ones. But also think, releasing a, for insects, deadly toxin. This all makes sure that a plant will survive a plague of hungry insects.Continue reading “Natural insecticide”
Light lets plants breathe
Light lets plants breathe Researchers from Singapore discovered how light lets plants breathe. Plants breathe using stomata, these are special cells located on the underside of the leaf. In contrast to normal plant cells, these cells are not connected to each other with a cell wall. This is creating a pore through which air canContinue reading “Light lets plants breathe”
Evening and morning plants
Evening and morning plants Just like people, plants have a biological clock. This helps plants to recognise when it is morning and when the evening starts. The biological clock consists, just like our analogue timepiece, through an ingenious radar work of interconnecting feedback loops. These are self-correcting so that not every passing cloud is signallingContinue reading “Evening and morning plants”
Clean slate
Clean slate Every year again, a plant makes sure it flowers under ideal circumstances. Is the plant mature, is the temperature right, are there enough nutrients, all points to consider. Including, the question, is there enough time to set seed and develop fruits after pollination. To figure out the ideal moment, a plant makes useContinue reading “Clean slate”
Under pressure
Under pressure Not only do roots anker the plant to the ground, they also actively search for water and nutrients. In their search they come across a range of obstacles. Think about stones and other roots, but also more densely packed patches of soil. They grow gently around or through these. During growth the tipContinue reading “Under pressure”
Quick plants
Quick plants One, two, gotcha, that one is not going anywhere. Who wants to catch flies needs to be super quick, like Venus flytrap. A real hunter, this plant. Where most plants are preyed by hungry insects, is this meat-eater eating them. This makes Venus flytrap already an exception within plants. Another difference, most plantsContinue reading “Quick plants”
Regulating enzymes
Regulating enzymes Regulation can happen in many ways. For metabolic pathways three main regulatory mechanisms can be distinguished. A) The production of its enzymes, B) the degradation of these enzymes and C) regulating the activity of these enzymes. Where the regulation through the production and degradation of enzymes is crude and imprecise, regulation through regulatingContinue reading “Regulating enzymes”
The art of bending
The art of bending How to bend, or more precisely, how do plants bend? This was the question Baral and his colleagues set to answer. The bending of plants occurs as a result of many stimuli, such as wind, the search of nutrients, or obstacles. These can all occur at various stages of plant development.Continue reading “The art of bending”
Pollinated by roaches
Pollinated by roaches Thinking about the pollination of flowers most of us generally assume bees do all the hard work. While bees are busy as bees pollinating flowers, they are hardly the only ones recruited for the job. Loads of other insects are helping out, with bats and hummingbirds also part of the pollination workforce. AContinue reading “Pollinated by roaches”
Gene expression ≠ protein accumulation
Gene expression ≠ protein accumulation I was remined lately that people forget that gene expression does not equal protein accumulation. And also that protein accumulated is not equal to protein that is actual able to do what it is made for. So here an explaination about gene expression, protein accumulation, why are they not the same,Continue reading “Gene expression ≠ protein accumulation”
PLC sandwich
PLC sandwich Another genius bit of biological design comes from the enzyme PLC. PLC is a phospholipase whose job it is to cleave of the headgroup of PI(4,5)P2, a membrane lipid. Like tethering proteins, PLCs are made up out of a couple of domains. At its core there are three domains. There is the catalyticContinue reading “PLC sandwich”
Tethered to science
Tethered to science For a long while I haven’t posted anything, being too tired and work got in the way. Then after combing back from a conference and a break late February, full of ideas but no energy to work them out, I turned to my GP. There I was told I was overworked, warnedContinue reading “Tethered to science”
Plasticity in phloem development
Plasticity in phloem development Last week at a symposium, we were reminded by Antia Rodriguez-Villalon that in plants organogenesis does not stop after germination. In fact, plants keep producing new organs through their lives. While most of us think by organ formation in plants first about leaves or flowers, Antia Rodriguez-Villalon work actually focusses onContinue reading “Plasticity in phloem development”
What is wrong with how and when we are taught to write grants
What is wrong with how and when we are taught to write grants Doing science for a living is one of the most fantastic jobs you can think about. And in general we scientist have a pretty good deal, being at the forefront of new discoveries and getting paid for learning new things. However, forContinue reading “What is wrong with how and when we are taught to write grants”
Leaf shape development
Leaf shape development On of the things that intrigues me most in biology is the development of organisms. How does that single cell that is just fertilised knows what to do. To get its polarity established, initiate cell division at the right time, place and direction. What makes it go on developing into recognisable plantContinue reading “Leaf shape development”
Giving a talk
Giving a talk When preparing to give a talk about your work you always need to make lots of decisions. One is about the amount of background vs results. Ideally you would like to have lots of time to discuss your new results, but for the audience to place them into context, or to understandContinue reading “Giving a talk”
SNAREs deal with K+ channels
SNAREs deal with K+ channels It has been a busy week so it took some time to get my thoughts organised and write this review. Keeping up with vesicle fusion, we now have a look at how SNARE assembly is regulated. The final step of vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane is regulated by theContinue reading “SNAREs deal with K+ channels”
What makes a binding domain
What makes a binding domain One of the projects that I am busy with at the moment is writing a review about phosphoinositide binding domains. Preparing for that I have been reading old reviews on the same topic. One thing that I noticed was that some domains which have shown to bind phosphoinositides, like theContinue reading “What makes a binding domain”
Vesicle-vacuole fusion – A little less of a mystery
Vesicle-vacuole fusion – A little less of a mystery Recently, Yvon Jaillais attended me in his tweet of the latest paper of the Raikhel/Hicks lab. I have been wanting to write a review of this paper as it shows some nice research. However, reading the article I also quickly came to realise, that in orderContinue reading “Vesicle-vacuole fusion – A little less of a mystery”
Context is everything
Context is everything I have been reading a ton of articles lately, in order to get a better grip on phosphoinositide-binding proteins. Slowly, this made me realise that how we present our findings is important. Of course a well written article is easier to read than one that is not. But the order we presentContinue reading “Context is everything”
How plants avoid salt
How plants avoid salt Plants don’t like high salt levels in their cells. They do therefore everything they can to avoid this. As mentioned in earlier posts plants have a number of strategies for this. However, the best strategy is not taking up to much salt in the first place. Being sensitive to salts, plantsContinue reading “How plants avoid salt”
How phosphoinositol lipids can have an effect
How phosphoinosotol lipids can have an effect So in the last post I talked about that I am busy with trying to identify phosphoinositol lipids. But did not really say why I would like to know which proteins bind to my phosphoinositol lipid of interest. Phosphoinositol lipids can been seen as markers of the membranes.Continue reading “How phosphoinositol lipids can have an effect”
Work in progress
Work in progress This last week I have been busy with organising my results and preparing them for a presentation that I gave for some of our department. And although I have made some progress with my project since I started it, the presentation I gave highlighted the lack of useful progress during the lastContinue reading “Work in progress”
New lipid biosensor shines some light on stress response
New lipid biosensor shines some light on stress response PA (phosphatidic acid) is a membrane lipid, however it is also an important signalling lipid involved in the regulation of important cellular processes. In plants PA has been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomata opening as well as in drought and salt stress.Continue reading “New lipid biosensor shines some light on stress response”
When NaCl knocks on plant’s door
When NaCl knocks on plant’s door When a plant root comes across a patch of soil with a higher amount of salt, one of the first things it does is sending up a wave of Ca2+ signal up to the shoot. Depending of the size of the plant this Ca2+ wave can reach the topContinue reading “When NaCl knocks on plant’s door”
The sensing of salt
The sensing of salt How plants sense salt has at last been deciphered by the group of Zhen-Ming Pei. For their last publication in Nature they went on the hunt for mutants that did not show salt induced Ca2+ spikes. This resulted in the identification of a mutant they named moca1 for monocation-induced [Ca2+]i increasesContinue reading “The sensing of salt”
Great talk about Cross-kingdom RNAi by Hailing Jin
Great talk about Cross-kingdom RNAi by Hailing Jin Last week we were treated by a fantastic seminar from Hailing Jin from the University of California. In the over-airconditioned seminar room we quickly forgot about the cold while she introduced us in the world of cross-kingdom RNAi and small RNA trafficking between plants and fungal pathogens.Continue reading “Great talk about Cross-kingdom RNAi by Hailing Jin”
A case of plant blindness
A case of plant blindness Most scientist working on plants would have noticed at some time that plants are ignored by a lot of other life science researchers. Sometimes it will be during a talk whereby the presenter say something along the line ‘in all eukaryotes we have gene family X’ while you know geneContinue reading “A case of plant blindness”
Plants and salt stress
Plants and salt stress The research project that I am doing at the moment is focussing on identifying lipid protein interactions under abiotic stress conditions like salt and heat stress. Hence I am reading about salt stress to get an idea about how my study fits in the bigger picture that we have about howContinue reading “Plants and salt stress”
Resurection number …
Resurection number … Another attempt to resurrect this blog. This time born out of a desire to get better in science writing as well as wanting to tell the wider world about the fascinating aspects of plant science. The realisation that I actually like reading and writing about science more than actually doing the experimentsContinue reading “Resurection number …”
Plant en Zo 